The tradition of the handshake in Kenyan politics is a noteworthy aspect of the country’s governance, symbolizing how erstwhile adversaries can come together to negotiate agreements that ultimately shape the political landscape. This practice, historically rooted in the colonial era, has evolved into a means for political elites to negotiate power-sharing arrangements rather than encouraging systemic change that could challenge the nation’s established political hierarchy.
The origins of the handshake date back to the onset of British colonialism, where colonial administrators co-opted local leaders to facilitate governance. Notably, just prior to Kenya’s independence in 1963, the British made a strategic agreement with Jomo Kenyatta, who had been imprisoned for years. Despite prior characterizations of him as a disruptive force, this pivotal handshake orchestrated a peaceful transition to independence and enabled Kenyatta to assume leadership, albeit while concurrently protecting colonial land interests.
Post-independence, the handshake has served as a mechanism to manage elite rivalries and public dissent. It has repeatedly allowed power dynamics to shift without inciting violence, exemplified by the landmark handshake that concluded the post-election turmoil in 2008 which saw significant loss of life and displacement. While it provided a means to prevent further conflict, critics contend that such agreements have frequently resulted in political concessions that prioritize elite interests over national welfare, as seen in the subsequent fraudulent maize subsidy scheme, which exacerbated food insecurity for a segment of the population.
Raila Odinga, a prominent figure in these negotiations, has played a critical role in executing handshake politics throughout his career. Despite facing electoral challenges, having lost in five of the last six presidential races, he has navigated power-sharing agreements with the last four presidents, leveraging national interest claims to access political power.
Recently, Raila’s Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) entered into a memorandum of understanding with President William Ruto’s United Democratic Alliance (UDA), representing yet another instance of handshake politics. This agreement is noteworthy not only for its implications on governance but also because it follows Ruto’s previous rejection of collaboration, despite the unrest sparked by the high cost of living.
The formalization of this agreement suggests a strategic pivot in response to nationwide challenges, as articulated in the aftermath of youth-led protests that disrupted political norms. However, Odinga’s motivations have sparked discussions regarding the true aims of such agreements, especially considering claims of imminent unrest—a narrative challenged by governmental sources.
Critics argue that this latest handshake may weaken Odinga’s position as a genuine opposition figure, demonstrating an inclination toward self-serving political maneuvers. This sentiment is amplified by a burgeoning generation that is increasingly dissenting from established political traditions, signifying a shift towards demands for genuine reform rather than elite accommodations.
As Kenya navigates these political complexities, it remains to be seen whether the handshake tradition can evolve to meet the aspirations of a populace yearning for profound change in governance.
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