Turkiye has increasingly prioritized its defense capabilities, transitioning from initial imports to the development of indigenous weaponry. As the owner of NATO’s second-largest standing army, Turkiye has gained recognition as a significant exporter of military equipment, featuring some of its most advanced products in the international market.
In 2024, Turkiye’s defense exports surged to .1 billion, marking a remarkable increase from .9 billion just a decade earlier, and attracting clients across Europe and the Middle East. This growth raises questions about the underlying factors driving these advancements, the capabilities Turkiye possesses, and the broader implications for global security.
The origins of Turkiye’s commitment to domestic military production can be traced back to 1985 when the Defence Industry Development and Support Administration (SAGEB) was established. Initially, SAGEB focused on international collaborations in research and development. However, as Turkiye faced restrictions on foreign military purchases, the emphasis shifted towards developing local production capabilities. By the 2010s, this policy pivot resulted in a substantial increase in domestic defense production, positioning Turkiye as a key player in the arms sector.
Currently, several thousand Turkish defense manufacturers contribute to a diverse range of capabilities across land, air, and naval operations, gaining increasing international recognition for their innovative products. Among the notable advancements in Turkiye’s arsenal are its Bayraktar TB2 drones, first deployed in 2014 and now among the most sought-after Turkish defense items. Additional unmanned aerial vehicles, such as the Anka-S and the Vestel Karayel, further bolster the nation’s military offerings. Furthermore, Turkiye is enhancing its technical edge with advanced systems like the AI-augmented “Steel Dome” for intercepting airborne threats and the upcoming KAAN fifth-generation fighter to modernize its air force.
On the ground, Turkiye’s armored vehicle production, spearheaded by the Altay main battle tank, is aimed at competing with established Western models. The country has also developed specialized armoured vehicles for counterinsurgency and modern infantry combat. Additionally, Turkiye’s naval production capabilities, including advanced corvettes, frigates, and even the cutting-edge TCG Anadolu amphibious assault ship, are setting a new standard in maritime defense.
The interest in arms manufacturing in Turkiye is also influenced by historical challenges. In the 1970s, the United States imposed an arms embargo due to Turkiye’s military actions in Cyprus, followed by export bans from Germany in the early 1990s. By the 2020s, Turkiye had established itself as a robust arms manufacturer despite facing sanctions.
According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Turkiye now ranks 11th globally in defense exports, comprising 1.7 percent of the world’s arms exports. The nation has successfully expanded its market presence, exporting to 178 countries in just a year, with leading clients including the United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, and Qatar. Notably, the Bayraktar drone has been exported to at least 31 nations, showcasing Turkiye’s growing influence in global defense.
With an ambitious future in mind, Baykar, the manufacturer of the Bayraktar drones, has announced a 0 million investment in developing in-house jet engines to strengthen its position and reduce reliance on international supply chains. As the country continues to innovate and expand its defense industry, Turkiye is poised to play a critical role in shaping regional and global security landscapes.
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